The Golden Dawn System of Magic, also known as the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, is a magical order that was established in the late 19th century. It was founded by three British Freemasons who aimed to create a system of magic that was based on a synthesis of various occult traditions and philosophies. The Golden Dawn drew inspiration from several sources, including Hermeticism, Kabbalah, Tarot, and ceremonial magic. The order's teachings and practices were organized into a comprehensive system that covered various aspects of magic, including divination, ritual work, meditation, and spiritual development. One of the key elements of the Golden Dawn's system was the use of symbolism. The order made extensive use of symbols, especially those associated with ancient Egyptian and Hebrew traditions.
Odin statuettes created in what is now Sweden, sometime during the Iron Age.
The technology was first developed by the Egyptian worshippers of Osiris, who focused on developing life-and-death magic, but was later adopted and perfected by the earliest true witches among the Scythian peoples. Tolkien drew inspiration from Norse and Anglo-Saxon mythology Gandalf itself is a name from Norse myth, and literally means Wand-elf , and Gandalf s appearance, especially his staff and traveling hat was drawn from Odin or Woden the Wanderer.
The order made extensive use of symbols, especially those associated with ancient Egyptian and Hebrew traditions. These symbols were utilized as tools for communication with the subconscious mind and were believed to hold hidden meanings and powers. In addition to symbolism, the Golden Dawn system emphasized the importance of ritual work.
The Weird, Winding History of the Witch Hat
There are few things more iconic at Halloween time than the classic image of a witch. With her green skin, broom, and wide-brimmed conical hat, the Witch is an icon. Now we’ve talked already this month about how witches “flew”, but how did that very distinctive hat become associated with magical women, especially the kind that like to get a bit wicked?
As with many elements of the witch as she’s understood in pop culture, and indeed many elements of magic itself, the story is complicated and has a lot more to do with prejudice and persecution than it does with magic and the mystical. (No, the conical hate is not a symbol of a cone of power, sorry Wiccans.) The story of the witch’s conical hat, is, like so many stories of the witch, a tale of female power and fear.
But it’s also a story about fashion, which is why this recent video of dress historian Abby Cox is such a great exploration of the topic. And she busts a few of the big myths about the Witch’s hat right off the back. Nope, it’s not about alewives! Sorry, bad Wikipedia article!
The origin tale for the witch’s hat that I’ve seen quite often myself, and which Cox refutes, is that it is derived from the Judenhat; The Judenhat was one of many sartorial markers that were required to be worn by Jews beginning in the middle ages. In 1215 the fourth Lateran Council required all Jews to wear the Judenhat or horned skull cap and centuries later this became a feature of many anti-Semitic tropes and beliefs. And yes, because Jews, like witches, were (wrongly) associated with the devil and fun stuff like murdering children, the Judenhat became associated with sorcery.
But that’s not quite the same hat as a witch’s hat, and the Judenhat is more rightly associated with sorcery (and thus men). What about the witch with her very particular hat? For one, that image is highly associated with the image of the witch in England and thus came to represent her in the anglophone world even to this day. And so the image of the witch’s hat is tied in with English fashion and English prejudices … and also oatmeal.
I’m speaking of course about Quakers. The Quakers, or Society of Friends, were (and still are!) a religious group that grew to prominence and infamy in the 1600s in England. George Fox founded the society following the English Civil war and their belief in ideas like women’s equality, that God was experienced directly and that people were not inherently sinful got them a lot of attention and pushback. As Cox explains, they were seen as evil, heretical, and … extremely horny? Oh yeah. And all those things matched with what England already thought of witches, who were being hunted relentlessly in the mid 17th century as well.
At the same time as the Quakers were gaining publicity, they were adopting the fashions of the day and their own distinct looks. And that involved … tall, black, conical hats with large brims. As you can see in this painting of a Quaker meeting in the 1670s.
Look at that woman speaking publicly! About God and the scriptures. Obviously a witch! This painting from 1675 also shows a woman with a witchy looking chapeau, but again, it was the fashion of the day. It’s just what you were for a portrait with your grandkids.
As Cox notes, the prejudice against Quakers, and especially Quaker women, was widespread in England, and it coincided with the witch not just becoming a focus of prosecution and persecutions in the 17th century but also with the witch becoming a popular figure. This also may have been true in America, where Quakers were also persecuted (does anyone else remember the Quaker woman accused of witchcraft in the YA novel The Witch of Blackbird Pond?). As the quaker hats grew more out of style, as associated with another age, they remained associated with witches.
The first witch we see depicted with her famous pointy hat is from this woodcut, date to around 1720, long after the quaker hats were out of fashion.
This is an era when witch hunts and superstition were beginning to fade, the enlightenment was around the corner and mass media depictions of the witch were becoming more fantastical, rather than warnings of a real threat. From here on out, the English vision of a witch spread and gained traction, and as all cultural images do, this version of the witch spread.
And then Hollywood came calling. L. Frank Baum and his illustrators depicted his Wicked Witch of the West with the (by then) expected conical hat when The Wizard of Oz was written in 1900, and when MGM put her on-screen in 1939, of course, she had a pointy hat. The costume designer, Adrian, made it fabulous and fashionable though. And much like the look of the witches in 1720 relied on outdated fashions, so too did elements of Margaret Hamilton’s Wicked Witch costume rely on fashions that were several decades out of style.
Oh and, by the way, The Wizard of Oz was the first movie to make a witch green. Really. That’s important, as it demonstrates how influential this movie was—because now most Halloween witches are green. The Wicked Witch’s verdigris is the entire plot of Wicked, the musical that tells her story, and it wasn’t even an element that was included in the original Oz books by Baum.
So, when you’re getting a costume together for your (safe and socially distanced) Halloween activities this year, remember that there’s a long history behind that Witchy hat. And wear it proudly!
(image: public domain/MGM)
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Indicative of their elevated position, Mongolian warrior queens wore tall hats (boqtas) around 400 BC. Later, noblewomen in Western Europe refashioned them into the hennin, the forerunner to the modern princess cap.
The order devised a series of rituals that were used to invoke higher powers and to connect with divine forces. These rituals were often highly structured and involved the use of elaborate ceremonial tools and gestures. The Golden Dawn also placed a strong emphasis on personal growth and spiritual development. The order offered a curriculum of study that members could progress through, with each level representing a different stage of spiritual advancement. This curriculum covered a wide range of topics, including astrology, tarot, alchemy, and Qabalah. The Golden Dawn system of magic had a significant impact on the occult community during its time. It influenced many subsequent magical orders and traditions and continues to be studied and practiced by occultists today. Although the order disbanded in the early 20th century, its teachings and practices have been preserved through various writings and interpretations. Overall, the Golden Dawn System of Magic is a comprehensive and complex system that incorporates various occult traditions and practices. It is a testament to the dedication and ingenuity of its founders, as well as a testament to the enduring influence of magic and the occult in human culture..
Reviews for "The Invocation of Egyptian Deities in the Golden Dawn System"
1. Sarah - 2 stars - I found "The Complete Golden Dawn System of Magic" to be quite disappointing. The book was filled with dense and convoluted explanations that made it difficult for a novice like myself to understand. Instead of providing clear and concise instructions, it seemed to assume that the reader already had a deep knowledge of the subject matter. Additionally, I felt like the book was trying to sell me on the superiority of the Golden Dawn system rather than actually teaching me practical magic. Overall, I would not recommend this book to beginners in the field.
2. John - 1 star - I was extremely disappointed with "The Complete Golden Dawn System of Magic." The book was overly verbose and seemed to lack a clear structure and organization. It was challenging to follow the author's train of thought, and I often found myself getting lost in unnecessary details. Furthermore, the book did not offer any practical exercises or step-by-step instructions, which left me feeling frustrated and unfulfilled. I had high hopes for this book, but unfortunately, it fell short of my expectations.
3. Emily - 2 stars - "The Complete Golden Dawn System of Magic" failed to engage me like I had hoped. The writing style was dry and academic, making it difficult to stay focused and retain the information being presented. The book delved excessively into historical and theoretical aspects without providing enough practical applications. I was hoping for more hands-on exercises and examples to help me understand and apply the teachings of the Golden Dawn system, but unfortunately, they were lacking. While the book may appeal to more scholarly readers, it did not resonate with me as a practitioner seeking tangible guidance.