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Winter solstice is an astronomical event that occurs every year in December. It marks the shortest day and longest night of the year in the northern hemisphere. Many cultures and belief systems have celebrated the winter solstice for thousands of years, including pagans. Paganism is a term used to describe a variety of earth-centered spiritual practices and religions that are not based on the Abrahamic faiths of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Pagans often honor and celebrate the cycles of nature, including the solstices and equinoxes. For pagans, the winter solstice holds significant symbolism.

For pagans, the winter solstice holds significant symbolism. It represents the rebirth of the sun and the return of light after the darkest time of the year. The solstice is seen as a time of renewal, hope, and new beginnings.

Collection History

Part of Cornell University Library’s Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell’s Witchcraft Collection contains over 3,000 titles documenting the history of the Inquisition and the persecution of witchcraft, primarily in Europe.

The majority of the Witchcraft Collection was acquired in the 1880s through the collaborative efforts of Andrew Dickson White, Cornell’s first President, and his first librarian, George Lincoln Burr. The collection documents the earliest and the latest manifestations of the belief in witchcraft as well as its geographical boundaries, and elaborates this history with works on canon law, the Inquisition, torture, demonology, trial testimony, and narratives. The collection focuses on witchcraft not as folklore or anthropology, but as theology and as religious heresy.

It features many early texts from the period when the theory of the heresy of witchcraft was being formulated, including fourteen Latin editions of the Malleus maleficarum, which codified church dogma on heresy. Four of these Latin editions were printed in the fifteenth-century, most notably the scarce first edition printed before April 14, 1487. The collection also contains other defining texts of the doctrinal discussion of demonology, such as Jean Bodin’s De la Demonmanie des sorciers (1580), Nicolas Remi’s Daemonlatreiae (1595), Henri Boguet’s Discours des sorciers(1602) and Pierre de Lancre’s Tableau de I’inconstance des mauvais anges (1612).

Significant in the collection are a small and extremely rare number of works by theologians who opposed the Inquisition, such as those of Cornelius Loos, the first theologian in Germany to write against the witch hunts. The most important materials in the Witchcraft collection, however, are the court records of the trials of witches, including original manuscript depositions taken from the victims. These documents, in both original manuscript and in print, reveal the harsh outcome of the more remote doctrinal disputes. Perhaps the most significant of all manuscripts in the Witchcraft collection is the minutes of the witchcraft trial of Dietrich Flade, a sixteenth-century city judge and rector who spoke out against the cruelty and injustice of the persecutions in the 1580s. These and other trial documents are listed in the collection’s finding aid.

In the 21st century, curators began building on AD White’s witchcraft collection by acquiring modern materials such as posters and publicity for films featuring witches or sorcery, and newsletters on the activities of contemporary Wiccan and Pagan communities.

It is a time to reflect on the past year and set intentions for the future. Many pagan traditions and rituals are associated with the winter solstice. Some pagans may gather in groups or covenants to perform ceremonies and rituals that honor the sun and the earth. These rituals often involve lighting candles or fires to symbolize the returning light. Offerings of food, herbs, or other items may be made to honor the earth and nature. One well-known pagan celebration of the winter solstice is Yule. Yule is derived from the Norse word "jól" and was traditionally celebrated by Germanic and Nordic cultures. Yule festivities included feasting, bonfires, and the exchange of gifts. Today, many pagans and modern Wiccans continue to celebrate Yule as a time of joy and celebration. In addition to its pagan associations, the winter solstice also holds religious and cultural significance in other traditions. For example, the solstice is celebrated as Christmas in Christianity, as Hanukkah in Judaism, and as Dongzhi in Chinese culture. Overall, the winter solstice holds deep meaning for pagans as a time to honor the cycles of nature and celebrate the return of light. It is a time of renewal, reflection, and hope for the future..

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