Milwaukee Mile is a racetrack located in West Allis, Wisconsin. It is known for its historical significance and has a rich racing heritage. The track was established in 1903 and is one of the oldest operating racetracks in the United States. The Milwaukee Mile has hosted a wide range of racing events over the years, including IndyCar races, NASCAR events, and various other competitions. The track is a one-mile oval and has been a popular venue for racing enthusiasts. It has witnessed some memorable moments and intense battles on the track.
Bridget Bishop was a target of witchcraft accusations for a variety of reasons. There was gossip that she was responsible for the deaths of her first two husbands. She had been previously accused of witchcraft in 1680, when John Ingersoll’s slave Juan claimed her specter had pinched him, that she had stolen eggs, and that she had frightened horses. Ten neighbors now testified against her. Among the accusations were stories of her pressuring the afflicted girls to “sign the Devil’s book.” Men who had worked on her house in 1685 told of discovering poppets stuck with pins in her cellar wall, an example of “counter-magic.” Her specter was said to have visited several men at night. Samuel Shattuck, a dyer in Salem Town, thought she was making poppets because of the small pieces of lace she’d brought to him to dye. Shattuck and his wife also accused Bishop of bewitching their son and causing his declining health. Others claimed that small items went missing when Bishop was around – a spoon, money, a mill brass. After arguments with Bishop, trouble and disaster always seemed to follow. John Louder, who worked at the Ship Tavern, told of an argument after Bishop’s chickens got into the tavern’s gardens. He claimed to have seen a black pig and black imps in her yard, and even Bishop flying over her orchards afterward. When intimately examined on her trial date of June 2, a witch’s mark was reportedly found on her body. Cotton Mather reported that, on her way to trial, Bishop simply glanced at the Salem Meetinghouse, causing a board to tear from the wall inside and land some distance away.
She had been previously accused of witchcraft in 1680, when John Ingersoll s slave Juan claimed her specter had pinched him, that she had stolen eggs, and that she had frightened horses. The court took a short recess, accusations slowed down for a time, more than a month passed before there were any more executions, and one of the judges, Nathaniel Saltonstall resigned, having become dissatisfied with the court s methods.
It has witnessed some memorable moments and intense battles on the track. One of the notable events held at the Milwaukee Mile is the Milwaukee Mile 225, an IndyCar race that takes place annually. This race attracts top drivers from around the world and is known for providing thrilling racing action.
Bridget Bishop
Written By Sarah-Nell Walsh
Actress Rebekah Clinard as Bridget Bishop in History Alive production of 'Cry Innocent,' by Mark Stevick, Salem, Summer, 1999.
Bridget Bishop has developed into a colorful character in the legendary history of Salem Village. As the first woman tried and executed as a witch during the Salem witchcraft trials, she has attracted a lot of imaginative speculation about her character and behavior.
The Bridget Bishop that is most commonly portrayed is one who kept a house of refreshment for travelers, and a shuffle board for the entertainment of her guests. She generally seemed to have exhibited certain behaviors and appearances that exposed her to some scandal. She wore a showy costume for the austere Puritan times -- a red bodice. Her freedom from the severity of Puritan manners and disregard of conventional decorum in her conversation and conduct brought her into disrepute, so the tongue of gossip was generally loosened against her. She is portrayed as a folk heroine in Salem's story. A spirited, feisty, buxom, and lusty woman who flaunted Puritan morals with a happy public house where drinking and gambling occurred. Many say that it was her flashy taste in dress, her smooth and flattering manner with men, and the questionable gaieties that had gone on in her two taverns, which led to people gossiping about her as a witch as far back as King Philips War.
This, however, is not the same Bridget Bishop of history. Research done by historian David Green indicates that scholars and writers have confused Bridget Bishop of Salem with Sarah Bishop, a tavern keeper in Salem Village. Bridget Bishop lived on a small piece of property in Salem Town and was between fifty-five and sixty-five in 1692, when she was accused of witchcraft. The account below follows the more historically accurate description of Bridget Bishop's life, taken from Bernard Rosenthal's book Salem Story.
In 1666, the widow Bridget Wasselbe married Thomas Oliver and had a daughter named Christian. This marriage was less than idyllic. In 1678, Bridget was accused of calling her husband names on the Sabbath, and both she and her husband were sentenced to stand gagged in the market place for their offenses. In January 1679, Bridget and Thomas were both sentenced to be whipped for fighting. It was not unusual for Bridget's face to be battered during her marriage to Thomas Oliver. In 1680, she was accused of witchcraft. This accusation could have been facilitated by Thomas' claim that "she was a bad wife . . .the devil had come bodily to her . . . and she sat up all night with the devil." (Charles Upham, Salem Witchcraft). This accusation occurred after her husband died without leaving a will, and seems to be the classic case of a vulnerable, propertied woman being accused of witchcraft. She posted bond, and there is no record of any punishment. In 1687, she was charged with stealing brass objects. Her record then remains clean until she is brought up on witchcraft charges again in April 1692.
On April 19, 1692 at her examination, Bridget Bishop began her testimony with courtesy and deference. This deferential attitude soon gave way to anger as she realized that denying her involvement was not an effective strategy. The afflicted girls were in the courtroom swooning in response to the imagined spectral advances of Bridget Bishop. Magistrate John Hawthorne unleashed his loaded questions, asking, "How is it that your specter hurts those in this room?" Bridget replied, "I am innocent to a witch. I know not what a witch is." Hawthorne turned this answer to his advantage by asking, "How can you know, you are no witch, and yet not know what a witch is." She replied, "I am clear: if I were any such person you should know it." Although it is not clear what Bridget meant by this comment, Hawthorne clearly took it as a veiled threat and replied, "You may threaten, but you may do no more than you are permitted" (Salem Witchcraft papers). No one can know for certain if this bold interchange earned Bridget Bishop the distinction of being the first hanged on the gallows.
On May 27, Phips established a special court of Oyer and Terminer to try those accused of witchcraft. On June 2, Bridget Bishop was the first person tried in the new court, perhaps because her previous witchcraft accusation made her a likely candidate. In her trial, spectral evidence was given an unprecedented status. She was charged with "tortur[ing], afflict[ing], pin[ing], consum[ing], wast[ing]: & torment[ing] her victims," Abigail Williams, Ann Putnam Jr., Mercy Lewis, Mary Walcott, and Elizabeth Hubbard. Bridget vehemently denied the charges at her trial, believing that to be the only way to avoid execution. She did not realize that her only hope lay in confessing to witchcraft. When Cotton Mather wrote of the evidence against her in his book Wonders of the Invisible World, he included preposterous stories that could best be called gossip. One such story recounts that Bishop cast a glance upon Salem meeting house, while walking under guard. This "look" caused a board, which had been fastened with nails, to be removed to another portion of the house. Her case served as a model for future cases to come, following a very predictable pattern. The "afflicted" persons made their accusations, which were denied by the accused; members of the community told of past acts of witchcraft by the accused; and one or more confessors validated the claim of the accusers. The court used spectral evidence as the primary legal basis to convict Bridget Bishop. Hanged on June 10, her death warrant emphasizes only the harm done to her accusers, primarily on the day of her examination, as the legal justification for the execution.
David Green, "Salem Witches I: Bridget Bishop," The American Genealogist, Vol. 57, No. 3. 1981: 130-138.
Charles Upham, Salem Witchcraft, 1867.
Bernard Rosenthal, Salem Story,1997.
71 Washington Street, Salem, MA, USA
The high speeds and close racing seen at the Milwaukee Mile make it a favorite among fans. In addition to IndyCar races, the Milwaukee Mile has also hosted NASCAR races. The NASCAR Xfinity Series and Camping World Truck Series have had races at the track, adding to its diversity and attracting a wider range of racing fans. The Milwaukee Mile's oval shape and long straightaways provide an opportunity for drivers to showcase their skill and speed. The track's unique characteristics make it a challenging yet exciting venue for both drivers and spectators alike. Over the years, the Milwaukee Mile has faced challenges and uncertainties regarding its future. However, its historical significance and the passionate support from fans have helped it endure. Efforts have been made to maintain and upgrade the facility, ensuring that future generations can continue to enjoy racing at this iconic track. In conclusion, the Milwaukee Mile is a legendary racetrack with a rich history and diverse racing events. Its one-mile oval shape, challenging layout, and thrilling races have made it a favorite among drivers and fans. Despite facing challenges over the years, the Milwaukee Mile remains an important part of racing history and continues to attract racing enthusiasts from around the world..
Reviews for "The Psychology of Milwaukee Mascoe Racing: Mental Preparation and Focus on the Track"
1. John - 1/5 stars - I was extremely disappointed with my experience at Milwaukee Mascoe Racing. The staff was rude and indifferent from the moment I arrived. The track itself was poorly maintained, with several bumps and cracks that made it difficult to enjoy the race. The go-karts were also outdated and in need of repair. Overall, I would not recommend this place for anyone looking for a fun and enjoyable racing experience.
2. Sarah - 2/5 stars - I visited Milwaukee Mascoe Racing with high expectations, but unfortunately, it fell short. The track layout was confusing and not well-marked, which made it hard to follow. Additionally, the staff lacked professionalism and seemed uninterested in addressing any concerns or questions. The go-karts were mediocre at best and did not provide the thrill I was hoping for. I would recommend exploring other racing options before settling for Milwaukee Mascoe Racing.
3. Mike - 1/5 stars - Milwaukee Mascoe Racing left a lot to be desired. The track was too small, and the limited number of go-karts available resulted in long waiting times. The lack of organization from the staff only added to the frustration. The condition of the go-karts was subpar, with some of them stalling or performing poorly during the race. I was extremely disappointed with my experience here and will not be returning.
4. Lisa - 2/5 stars - My visit to Milwaukee Mascoe Racing was underwhelming. The track lacked excitement and had limited challenges, making it feel monotonous after a few laps. The staff seemed disinterested and were not very helpful in guiding newcomers. The safety precautions were also questionable, as I witnessed a few incidents where go-karts collided without immediate action from the staff. Overall, I was disappointed with the overall experience at Milwaukee Mascoe Racing.