Lughnasadh, also known as Lammas, is a pagan holiday celebrated in various parts of the world, particularly in Celtic cultures. It takes place on August 1st and marks the beginning of the harvest season. The name Lughnasadh is derived from the Irish god Lugh, who was associated with the harvest and the sun. During Lughnasadh, people come together to honor the earth's bounty and give thanks for the successful crops. The holiday is typically celebrated with feasting, games, and various rituals. One common tradition is the making of a corn dolly, a small figure made from wheat or corn stalks, which represents the harvest goddess.
These included horse racing, weapons contests, and athletic competitions, all which represented Lugh’s many skills. He was to be not just a talented warrior, but also a poet, a blacksmith, sorcerer, crafter, and much more.
As part of Lughnasadh, participants walked up mountains to gather berries and other foods, and joined in events similar to the Ancient Olympic games. In the form we know it today it was written in the 10th or 11th century CE, but it is safe to assume that this tale like so many others contains a much older nucleus.
One common tradition is the making of a corn dolly, a small figure made from wheat or corn stalks, which represents the harvest goddess. The corn dolly is often placed on an altar or hung in a prominent place in the home. In addition to celebrating the harvest, Lughnasadh is also a time for acknowledging the changing seasons and the cycle of life and death.
Lughnasadh
At Lughnasadh we see the fields of corn being cut, and for some this is the true time of the festival. In the fields John Barleycorn, who laid with the Lady in the woods at Beltane, has grown old, and now stands bent and bearded with a crooked cane. He looks to the Sun as he has changed from green to gold, and he known that his time has come. His life will feed the people, and it is this sacrifice that we honour at Lughnasadh.
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Deeper Into Lughnasadh
Also known as Lammas, or First Harvest, the name of this festival as Lughnasadh is Irish Gaelic for “Commemoration of Lugh”. Some authors give the meaning as marriage, gathering or feast (in the name of) of Lugh. The meaning remains basically the same: Lugh is the Deity of Lughnasadh, and there is a feast.
Although Lugh gives his name to this festival, it is also associated with Lugh’s foster mother Tailtiu, who is said to have cleared the way for the introduction of agriculture in Ireland, thus linking Lughnasadh to the land and the harvest.
The modern Irish Gaelic name for the month of August is Lúnasa. In Scottish Gaelic Lunasda means the 1st of August.
One of several historic sources for the four Celtic fire festivals Imbolc, Bealtaine, Lughnasadh und Samhain is the early medieval Irish tale “Tochmarc Emire” (The Wooing of Emer), which is part of the Ulster Cycle. In the form we know it today it was written in the 10th or 11th century CE, but it is safe to assume that this tale – like so many others – contains a much older nucleus.
The tale narrates how the hero Cú Chulainn is courting Emer. He receives several tasks to fulfill, one of them being that he must go without sleep for one year. As Emer utters her challenge, she names the four major points of the Irish-Celtic year, as they are also mentioned in other Irish sources. Doing this, she does not use the solar festivals, nor Christian ones, which were certainly well known and established by the 10th century. Instead Emer chooses the first days of each season.
When is Lughnasadh?
One of these days is Lughnasadh, marking the beginning of fall. It takes place on the 1st of August, a date internationally agreed upon, or on the day of the full moon next to this date, if you want to celebrate when the ancient Celts probably did.
Since the Celtic day started with sunset, the celebration takes place on the evening before the calendaric date.
Lughnasadh marks the beginning of the noticeable descent of the Sun into the darkness of winter. From the connection between the Earth (female principle) and the Sun (male principle), the marriage of the Sky Father (Sun God) with the Earth Mother we celebrated at Bealtaine, emerge the fruits of the first harvest of the year. Lughnasadh is a time of joy about the first fruits. It is also a time of tension, because the dark days of winter are coming nearer, and most of the harvest is not brought in and stored away yet.
The God of the harvest is the Green Man (also known as John Barleycorn). He sacrifices himself every year in order to enable human life on Earth. In some areas his death is mourned with wreaths decorated with poppies or cornflowers.
The grain is cut, part of it goes into bread and nutrition, another part is stored away and used as seeds next spring, to create new life. Looking at that, thoughts about sacrifice, transformation, death and rebirth are also part of Lughnasadh.
Lughnasadh Rituals
The celebration of Lughnasadh includes the ritual cutting of the first grain and an offering thereof, possibly the making of a first meal and the ritual eating of it, as well as dancing. Fires are mentioned, but fire or light do not play such a prominent role as with the other fire festivals. This is probably because August is a warm month in most of Europe, with still long daylight hours, where no fire is needed. Lughnasadh celebrations are reported from Ireland, Isle of Man, Scotland, Wales and Cornwall.
Another name used for Lughnasadh is “Lammas”, from the old-anglosaxon “hlaef-mass” (loaf mass, mass where the first loaf of bread is consecrated), which developed into the later medieval English and Scottish “Lammas”. As such it is first mentioned in old anglo-saxon chronicles as early as 921 CE as “Feast of the First Fruits”. In an agricultural society the begin of the harvest was a natural occasion to celebrate and to give thanks to the Divine for Its gifts.
In Bavarian tradition, the most important festival in August is the “Ascension of Mary” on the 15th of August. On this day, numerous processions through the villages and along the fields are held. During these processions, decorated bundles of herbs, consisting of up to 77 different herbs, are carried along on wooden sticks. These herbs are specially consecrated and stored away then. They are used for ritual incense burning later in the year, e.g. during the “rough nights”, the time of the winter solstice. An older name for this festival is “Maria Kräuterweih”, meaning “Day of Mary and the Consecration of Herbs”.
The beginning of fall was marked by the day of St. Bartholomäus (Bartholomew) on August 24th.
The original Lughnasadh customs have obviously shifted to August 15th and additionally into numerous local and regional harvest celebrations. Lughnasadh is the therefore only one of the eight Celtic festivals which did not survive in Bavaria as a compact celebration ON or near the original date (August 1st). Harvest celebrations are instead dispersed over all of August. This might have to do with the geographical situation of Bavaria, where August tends to be a rather warm month, and harvest and fall are a bit later than elsewhere.
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It is believed that the god Lugh sacrificed himself to ensure a bountiful harvest, and thus his death is mourned during this holiday. Despite the somber undertones, Lughnasadh is ultimately a time of joy and gratitude, as people come together to celebrate the abundance of the earth. In modern times, Lughnasadh is often celebrated with outdoor gatherings and festivals. These events may include music, dancing, storytelling, and activities such as grain threshing or baking bread. Some pagans also choose to visit sacred sites or spend time in nature during this holiday, connecting with the earth and honoring its abundance. Lughnasadh is a reminder of the importance of gratitude and community, as well as a time to reflect on the interconnectedness of nature and the cycles of life. It serves as a reminder to be mindful of our impact on the environment and to appreciate the gifts that the earth provides. Whether celebrated in a traditional or modern context, Lughnasadh is a joyful and meaningful holiday that brings people together to honor the harvest and the earth's abundance..
Reviews for "Lughnasadh and the Harvest Moon: Celebrating the Lunar Energy of the Festival"
1. Jennifer - 1 star
I was extremely disappointed with "Pagan Holiday Lughnasadh". As someone who is not familiar with pagan celebrations, I was hoping the film would provide some educational insight. Unfortunately, it was more like a poorly made documentary with a weak narrative. The pacing was slow and the characters lacked depth. I found myself bored and uninterested throughout the entire film. Overall, I do not recommend it.
2. Mark - 2 stars
"Pagan Holiday Lughnasadh" fell short of my expectations. The cinematography was amateurish and the dialogue felt forced. The plot was unoriginal and predictable, lacking any compelling twists or turns. Additionally, the acting was subpar, making it difficult to emotionally connect with the characters. I was hoping for a thought-provoking film exploring the Pagan holiday, but I was left feeling underwhelmed. It definitely did not live up to its potential.